The purpose of practicing performance sports is to achieve the best possible sports results, therefore, motivated by the desire to excel in sports, athletes may be tempted to gain an advantage over competitors by any means, including the use of illicit methods. The most common prohibited practices, which aim to gain a competitive advantage in sport, are the use of Performance Enhancement Substances (PES) or doping by various means. Medical professionals who assist athletes are usually the first point of contact for them in all medical matters and thus have an important role in preventing doping. The study is a review of international research conducted on the knowledge and attitudes of sports physicians regarding doping practices and the possibilities for its prevention.