This article discusses the assessment of the potential impact of climate change on agroecosystems in the Republic of Moldova. The final results obtained are based on the analysis and comparison of multiannual precipitation and average air temperature (observation period 2016-2019), in the assessment and forecast of the average crop yield. The high thermal regime and the significant deficit of precipitations contributed to the drying of the upper layer of the soil, creating unfavorable conditions for sowing the cereal crops of autumn on most of the territory of the country. The territory of the Republic of Moldova, by its geographical location, is located in the area with insufficient and unstable humidity. The instability of agrometeorological conditions essentially determines the variability and level of crop yield. Agrometeorological investigations were carried out regarding the current situation and the evolution of the meteorological conditions in the territory of the Republic of Moldova in 2019, according to the data of the State Hydrometeorological Service. The average harvest for the last 10 years of sugar beet constituted 310 q/ha; maize for grains constituted 34 q/ha; of sunflower seeds constituted 17 q/ha; of autumn wheat constituted 29 q/ha. The agricultural producers, as well as the public authorities, need a forecast of the productivity of the field crops in the desert in order to take the respective measures. Soil is the key to providing water, energy and building resilience to climate change. Therefore, the international community must take urgent measures to prevent the increasing loss of fertile land. The balance of the humus is profoundly deficient, the reserves of humus decrease annually by about 1t/ha, the nutrients by 180-200 kg/ha. Analysis of the previous weather conditions, forecasts and specialized agrometeorological calculations show that at the beginning of spring the productive moisture reserves in the soil layer with a thickness of 1 m on the fields with autumn crops and autumn plows will constitute 115-160 mm deep (80-115% of the norm).