In this work we present and analyze the results of the experimental research on the development degree of the cognitive sphere, of learning motivation as well as of the school adaptation of inferior preadolescents as from complete families as from temporary disintegrated ones, where parents had moved abroad. We certify the presence of some significant differences between levels of development in the general intelligence, logical thinking, concentration and distribution of attention, school adaptation of gymnasium class students, coming from different categories of families. We elucidate the problems which preadolescences are facing when they remain with no direct parental care and we suggest ideas regarding the development and implementation of some supplementary school curricula, oriented towards facilitating optimal development of the cognitive sphere and school adaptation.