The actuality of the research is determined by humanity's fundamental need for the transition to sustainability, argued by the development of solid and effective means to address a growing number of sustainability challenges. The need is also argued at national level by the fact that the implementation of strategic prerogatives requires the argumentation of the activity through calculations and estimates of a concrete set of indices and indicators that will demonstrate the preparation for sustainable development. The objective of the study is to analyze modern interpretations of sustainable development and the opportunity to apply sustainability indicators in the conditions of the national economy. The research approach is of a theorized type, as it focuses on the aspect of arguing the opportunity to apply sustainable development indicators in the context of the Republic of Moldova. The results obtained confirm that this paper is part of the flow of publications that argue, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, the key role played by sustainability indicators in the sustainable development of a national economy.