Aerial surveys and archaeological research near Horodişte, Rezina District
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Geodezie. Topografie. Fotogrametrie. Cartografie (112)
Arheologie (937)
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ZANOCI, Aurel, SCHERF, Daniel, BĂŢ, Mihail, MEWES, Maximilian. Aerial surveys and archaeological research near Horodişte, Rezina District. In: Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei. : Istorie - Arheologie - Muzeologie, Ed. 31, 28-29 octombrie 2021, Chisinau. Chişinău: Casa Editorial-Poligrafică „Bons Offices”, 2021, Ediția 31, pp. 54-56. ISBN 978-9975-87-875-3 (PDF).
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Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei.
Ediția 31, 2021
Conferința "Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională a Muzeului Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei. "
31, Chisinau, Moldova, 28-29 octombrie 2021

Aerial surveys and archaeological research near Horodişte, Rezina District

CZU: 528.7/.8:902(478)

Pag. 54-56

Zanoci Aurel1, Scherf Daniel2, Băţ Mihail1, Mewes Maximilian3
 
1 Moldova State University,
2 Philipps-Universität Marburg,
3 Friedrich Schiller University Jena
 
Proiecte:
 
Disponibil în IBN: 30 noiembrie 2021


Rezumat

Near the village of Horodiște in the district of Rezina seven archeological sites belonging to the 1st and 2nd millennium BC are known. Among them there are Horodiște II, Horodiște “La Șanț”and Horodiște “La Cot”. In 2019 interdisciplinary research of archaeological sites in the Horodiște-Țipova micro-zone was started by a binational research team. The investigations were carried out within a joint project between the Moldova State University and German institutions: the Philipps University of Marburg, the Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archeological Institute and the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. At first, geomagnetic surveys were conducted at the fortifications “La Șanț” and “La Cot” and, partially, in the open settlements of Buciușca IV and Buciușca V. At the same time, soil samples were taken to establish the degree of anthropization of the soil in these sites. Subsequently, in order to study the archaeological landscape of the microregion, more than 5000 oblique and vertical aerial photographs were taken using a DJI Phantom 4 drone. The obtained images were used to compute a three-dimensional model of the Horodiște promontory by structure from motion photogrammetry software. Particularly noteworthy are aerial photographs, which highlight the defensive elements of the two fortifications of “La Șanț” and “La Cot”. In 2021, based on the results of 2019, two trenches were applied to two of the anomalies identified by geomagnetic surveys at Horodiște “La Cot”. One of these anomalies, clear visible on the magnetometric map, is located in the northwestern part of the promontory and considered to be formed by the remains of a linearly ditch. In order to investigate the nature of this anomaly, a trench rectangular to the defensive line, measuring 14×2 m was made. The archaeological excavation confirmed the presence of a trapezoid ditch, with an opening at the top of about 3.6 m and a width at the bottom being 1.40 m. The ditch was dug 0.90 m into the limestone of the promontory (measured from the ancient ground surface). Behind it, at a depth of 0.20-0.30 m from the modern ground surface, the remains of a defensive structure in the form of a lens were found, consisting of clay soil mixed with ash, charred fragments of wood, and stones. The debris extended to a width of about 4.00 m, with a maximum thickness of about 0.60 m. After its excavation, at a depth of 0.80 m from the modern ground surface, the remains of three postholes were found. They were arranged in two rows at a distance of about 0.90 m from each other. The pits, round in plan, with a diameter of 0.25-0.30 m, were dug in the rock to a depth of 0.15-0.20 m. At the edges of two of them, pieces of limestone were found, which probably served to fix the poles. Analogies already known in the Middle Dniester region dating back to the Early Iron Age support the assumption that behind the ditch, at a distance of about 2.20 m, a rampart was built, consisting of two timber frameworks. The space between which was filled with earth and stones. Specific pottery shards according to this period among the ruins of the “wall” and in its immediate vicinity are an additional argument for the chronological attribution proposed by us. The existence of a single habitation layer of Early Iron Age in this part of the “La Cot” promontory seems evident by a small-scaled 2×2 m trench applied to an anomaly indicating the presence of an anthropogenic structure. While excavating this structure we found several pottery shards characteristic of the Cozia-Saharna culture, as well as a clay stamp for pottery decoration. Thus, based on the results of geomagnetic scanning, as well as archaeological excavations, we can admit the existence, in the northern part of the “La Cot” promontory, of a fortification with a size of about 195×495 m (~6 ha), which – according to our present knowledge – is attributed to the bearers of the Cozia-Saharna culture.