Background And Aims: Diabetes is a major public health problem that is approaching epidemic proportions globally. Diabetes complications are divided into microvascular and macrovascular complications. The aim of the study: To evaluate the ultrasound markers of atherogenesis in a group of subjects with diabetic retinopathy and to identify the possible associations between these ultrasound parameters and the degree of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: 51 subjects with various degree of diabetic retinopathy were examined. All subjects underwent a complete clinical examination and ultrasound examination of the extracranial carotids. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st group with mild and moderate non-proliferative retinopathy (12 patients, 24 eyes) and the second group with severe non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy (39 patients, 78 eyes). Results: There were no significant difference regarding age, body mass index and blood pressure between the two groups. Carotid intima-media thickness showed a significant difference when comparing the 2 studied groups: the average values of intima-media thickness in the first group was 0.9 mm (min 0.56 mm, max 1.24 mm), and in the second group – 1.3 mm (min 0.6 mm, max 2.0 mm). Atherosclerotic plaques at the level of the extracranial carotid section were found in 75 % of the participants from the mild and moderate non-proliferative retinopathy group compared to 85% from the severe non-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy group. Conclusions: Changes in carotid arteries are present in almost patients with diabetic retinopathy, more pronounced in those with severe non-preliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Trial Registration Number: Not applicable