Group Name: Background and Aims: Up to 75% of stroke subjects have motor limitations even 6 months after the event. There are no approved pharmacological agents that could restore these functions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) allows to model the cerebral adaptive mechanisms. Its therapeutic potential is explained by the low frequency stimulation (LFS) of the cortical network. Meanwhile, genetic variations could explain the degree of post-stroke recovery – a wide range of genes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), being involved in modulating brain plasticity. The aim of our research is the study of brain neuroplasticity based on the BDNF rs6265 polymorphism and the 1Hz rTMS in subjects with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A controlled clinical study was performed on 95 stroke subjects (middle cerebral artery vascular territory), evaluated twice via 7 clinical scales, using the 1Hz rTMS protocol on half of them (experimental group) and performing Sanger sequencing of the BDNF gene for the rs6265 polymorphism for both groups (Fig. 1). Results: The dynamics of the TMS group was clearly superior according to all the applied clinical scales – NIHSS, Orpington, MRC, MRS, Mini-Mental Test Score, Barthel and 9-Peg Hole Test, regardless of topographic level, time since onset, age or sex (p<0.05) (Fig. 2). All subjects without the rs6265 polymorphism in the BDNF gene had better results, regardless of their group: experimental or control. Conclusions: The lack of rs6265 polymorphism in the BDNF gene is a positive indicator for motor recovery. The practical use of TMS is beneficial to all subjects with ischemic stroke in the acute period. Trial Registration Number: