Ecological conditions of the Lower Dniester and some indicators for assessment of the hydropower impact
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KOVALYSHYNA, Svitlana, CHUZHEKOVA, Tatiana, GRANDOVA, Maria, ONISHCHENKO, Eduard, ZUBCOV, Elena, UKRAINSKIY, Vladimir, GONCHAROV, Oleksandr, MUNJIU, Oxana, NABOKYN, Mykhailo, ENE, Antoaneta. Ecological conditions of the Lower Dniester and some indicators for assessment of the hydropower impact. In: Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2021, vol. 11, pp. 1-33. ISSN 2076-3417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219900
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Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
Volumul 11 / 2021 / ISSN 2076-3417

Ecological conditions of the Lower Dniester and some indicators for assessment of the hydropower impact

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219900

Pag. 1-33

Kovalyshyna Svitlana1, Chuzhekova Tatiana1, Grandova Maria1, Onishchenko Eduard2, Zubcov Elena3, Ukrainskiy Vladimir1, Goncharov Oleksandr1, Munjiu Oxana3, Nabokyn Mykhailo1, Ene Antoaneta4
 
1 Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea (UkrSCES),
2 Hydrometeorological Center of the Black and Azov Seas,
3 Institute of Zoology,
4 "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati
 
Disponibil în IBN: 1 noiembrie 2021


Rezumat

The Dniester is one of the largest transboundary rivers of the Black Sea basin, and its lower reaches integrate the influence of climate change and hydropower plant (HPP) impact on the waterway. The decrease in precipitation and average annual air temperature increase and intensive hydroelectric construction have led to a decline in the total water content of the river, during the last 10 years, being below the long‐term historical “norm”. The shifts in the river flow result in multidirectional seasonal dynamics of nutrient concentrations. During the modern period, a stabilization of nutrient concentrations takes place, being lower than at the peak of eutrophication in the 1970s–1980s, but higher than in the natural flow period. The construction of reservoirs leads to a long‐term decline in silica concentrations, continuing in the modern period. The concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in water and bottom sediments of the river generally corresponds to the ecological status of “Moderate”. Biological communities show a high β‐diversity of microalgae, but low diversity of plankton and benthic invertebrates. Biological communities respond to the impact of HPP in both the short‐ and long‐term. Hydroelectric dams change the bioavailability of nutrients downstream which, in the long‐term, causes shifts in phytoplankton composition, especially the reduction of Bacillariophyta due to the lack of silicates that are deposited in reservoirs. However, in the shortterm, after the discharge from the HPP dam, the concentration of silicates and the proportion of diatoms increase. Long‐term changes also include a decline in the proportion of Rotifera and an increase in Copepoda in the total abundance of zooplankton and the unification of the benthic community with an increase in the biomass of gastropods in the area, which can be considered as indicators of the impact of hydroelectric power plants. The saprobity index, calculated both for zooplankton and macrozoobenthos, characterised the water as moderately polluted; benthic biotic indexes (Biological monitoring working party (BMWP), Belgian Biotic Index (BBI), Danish Stream Fauna Index (DSFI)) calculated on macrozoobenthos described the condition as “low” quality.

Cuvinte-cheie
Big river, dam, Hydropower impact, Long‐term dynamics, macrozoobenthos, Metal pollution, Moldova, Nutrients, Patch dynamics, phytoplankton, Ponto–cas-pian region, Potamal, River runoff, Ukraine, zooplankton