The article examines challenges, threats and risks of food security in Moldova in the context of providing the country’s population with foodstuff. It is noted that threats to food security in Moldova have now increased and are associated with political and macroeconomic, social and trade-economic, natural and man-made, technological and agro-ecological challenges and threats. It is concluded that the food security of Moldova is not ensured at the present stage; a qualitative transformation of Moldovan agricultural production is required, as well as an increase in its efficiency in the production of agricultural products and food in order to meet the needs of the domestic market.