This article examines the conditions under which human resources can be transformed into human capital. The author describes the fundamental differences between these two notions in the light of the individual’s personality. Human capital is a core input, from which other forms of capital can be derived. The author attempts to show that human capital is the main asset of a nation, building her argument on the example of Great Britain – a developed country that has been successful in attracting and valorising this form of capital from abroad. In the context of the emergence of the global labour and talent markets, the countries in development such as the Republic of Moldova, face an increase in both the risks and opportunities related to human capital. Managing these risks and opportunities represents a challenge to which the country must respond by increasing investments in the valorisation of its human capital, inclusively through an improved design of the education policy and planning of the future workforce. At the same time, the author suggests that spirituality is a fundamental dimension of the factors that generate human capital, driving their development in a way that responds to country’s deepest and most actual needs.