The study of any field of science has as a reference point, the precise finding of the object of study of the respective science, its delimitation from the object of study of other sciences. The criminology’s subject matter as a science, the constituent elements and the field of criminology remain a as a topic of discussion, being contradictory in the scientific community. There is no criminological theory that would satisfy the methodological requirements of philosophy and science aimed at determining the subject of criminology. In this context, the author comes with his own concept regarding the object of criminology, starting from the appreciation of the methodological benchmarks with reference to determining the object of this social science. It is argued that the object of criminology is the crime as a social phenomenon, regarded as a negative social relation, conflict. In turn, the structural elements of this relation become the main constituent elements of the criminology field: the active subject (law breaker), the passive subject (victim, the consequences of the crime and criminality), the mechanism of the criminal act (social behavioral manifestation and its legal expression), the social reaction to crime (as a social-legal act and social phenomenon).