The article highlights some theoretical and methodological issues related to po- litical ethnology as science, specifying some terms / important concepts (as people, ethnos, a people-people, multiethnic country, national minority). It proposes a brief analysis of the sociopolitical and etnopolitical life in the post-soviet area and in the first place in Ukraine by showing that this country is prolific for scientific research of etnopolitology. The entire analysis takes into account the national context in which post-Soviet societies evolve, but the regional context, strongly influenced by the pro- cesses of European integration.