The present text attempts to sketch the premises of a discussion concerning the relations between religion and politics in contemporary society. In view of a rapid succession of events in the contemporary world it is indeed essential to say more about the subject of the role played by religion in terms of its involve- ment in politics and policy influence on the religious consciousness. Some of the post-socialist countries experienced after the fall of communism what some called a religious revival and the changes of the religious mentalities oc- curred in the process of transition from a closed, ideologically monopolized, atheistic society, to a pluralistic one. In an attempt to demonstrate the variety of the shades in the relations betwin religion and politics, the article examines the developments of this phenomenon, placing them in larger social and his- torical context of politics and church/state relations.