At the current stage of the contemporary society development, the assurance of financial security becomes a fundamental problem for the very existence of the state and the proper functioning of its institutions. This is determined by both internal and external factors. History has repeatedly shown us that the weakness of the financial system is capable of causing various negative processes that are likely to undermine public institutions and which can lead to unpredictable consequences, profound and lasting crises. In the context of the strategic political processes in progress in the Republic of Moldova (efforts to reintegrate the country and implement the Association Agreement between Moldova and European Union), ensuring financial security becomes one of the most important objectives. The relevance of the research topic is determined by several factors. Firstly, the widening gap between advanced economies and the Republic of Moldova places our country in the so-called “third world”. The country continues to be in poor financial and economic condition and significantly inferior to the developed countries. Recent economic growth trends are only to a small extent associated with the modernization and reform of the financial system. This growth is largely due to the favorable result of the foreign economic situation. Meanwhile, the Republic of Moldova needs a financial system that could ensure the competitive, efficient and economic development of its institutions, which would ensure social equity, stability for the functioning of its political institutions and economy, would be the main guarantor of democratic processes within its society and a real hope for the well-being of each citizen. Secondly, both domestically and internationally there is a fierce competition for markets, investments, political and economic influence. States compete on the attractiveness of the business climate, developing economic freedom, ensuring the rule of law and building a fair judicial system. Competition has truly become the key element in imposing reforms and setting generally accepted standards, including those in the field of financial security. Third, under the current conditions, one of the essential components of national security is the economic-financial security sector. The impact of global geo-finance on a state apparatus is immense. The advanced level of globalization achieved by the society creates precise conditions for the establishment of a special financial power, which, through the global financial means and a flexible distribution of costs and their handling internationally, allows the influence of both the general global economic space, as well as the economic life of each individual state. It has already become axiomatic and no longer provokes theoretical-scientific evidence that, as a “weak link” of the economy, the specialists, practically unanimously indicate to the financial system, its banking structure and the functionality of the securities market (the capital market). Thus, based on the conceptual complexity of „financial security”, the study is divided into the following sections: (1) Perceptions of conceptualization of state financial security sector; (2)The national normative framework of financial security; (3) The essence of financial security; (4) Financial security through the comparative approach; (5) Financial security of the Republic of Moldova: current state and perspectives. The role of financial institutions in the economy, their operating laws, but also the processes within them, allow us to find that, in case of their distortion, especially through crime, such as the case of „theft of the billion” in the financial-banking sector of the Republic of Moldova, the consequences will affect the entire society, which ultimately endangers the idea of the rule of law itself. In this context, the National Security Concept draft of the Republic of Moldova mentions: “… the reform of the national security sector of the Republic of Moldova is essential, which includes interdependent components: political, military defense, foreign policy, information and counterinformation, constitutional order, justice, economy, energy, finance, industry, communication and infrastructure, social and environmental protection ... „. In this sense, the need to take measures to create a stable and secure banking system is justified, based on viable normative regulations, market rules, capable of serving the interests of the real economy and the aspirations of the European integration community