The security of any state in the world, including that of the Republic of Moldova, is determined by several internal and external factors, and a special role belongs the degree of sovereignty available to the done state. The more sovereignty there is, there is a real possibility that the government institutions will exercise the supremacy of the state power within the country and its independence in international relations over the power of other states, the better the security of the population is ensured. Examining the evolution of the Moldovan statehood, it highlights the fact that the thinkers of the Principality - chroniclers, historians, philosophers, writers, lawyers have made sustained efforts to argue the existence of the sovereignty of the state of Moldova in the 16th -19th centuries, thus contributing, to a certain extent, to ensuring the security of social-economic, political, legal, national and cultural development. In the present research, we will reflect the main conceptions regarding the sovereignty of Moldova, reflected in the creation of the thinkers Grigore Ureche, Miron Costin, Dimitrie Cantemir, Constantin Negruzzi, Mihail Kogălniceanu. We hope that through this work we will enable readers to become acquainted with important aspects of the political and legal thinking regarding the sovereignty of the Principality of Moldova in the 16th-19th centuries.