Transnistrian region is industrial base of Moldova, which have made most releases of harmful substances in the environment. Since the 80’s of XX century the enterprises from Tiraspol have emitted into the atmosphere over 900 000 tones of pollutants. The main enterprises with high polluting capacity are represented by the electricity industry. With the change of raw material sources and socio-political conditions, the volume of discharges dropped to 5 000-10 000 tones. In this paper is presented the appreciation of pollution of superficial soil layer with heavy metals and with radionuclide Cs-137 of the Tiraspol city region and the monitoring of diffusion of this radionuclide in vegetation. The Cs-137 content of 160.36 Bq/kg, found in the superior layer of soil profile collected from zone 1, is above the expected limit. Another part of the work is dedicated to health state of human population in Transnistria region, accompanied by cancer diseases, which could be provoked by soil contamination with heavy metals and radionuclides.