Выявление в почве продуцентов микотоксинов по генам, участвующим в синтезе микотоксинов
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631.453:57.07 (1)
Știința solului. Pedologie. Cercetări pedologice (703)
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МИТИНА, Ирина, МИТИН, Валентин, ТУМАНОВА, Лидия. Выявление в почве продуцентов микотоксинов по генам, участвующим в синтезе микотоксинов. In: Вклад агрофизики в решение фундаментальных задач сельскохозяйственной науки, 1-2 octombrie 2020, Санкт-Петербург. Санкт-Петербург, Россия: ФГБНУ «Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт», 2020, pp. 457-463. ISBN 978-5-905200-43-4.
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Вклад агрофизики в решение фундаментальных задач сельскохозяйственной науки 2020
Conferința "Вклад агрофизики в решение фундаментальных задач сельскохозяйственной науки"
Санкт-Петербург, Rusia, 1-2 octombrie 2020

Выявление в почве продуцентов микотоксинов по генам, участвующим в синтезе микотоксинов

Detection of mycotoxin producers in soil by the genes involved in mycotoxin synthesis

CZU: 631.453:57.07

Pag. 457-463

Митина Ирина, Митин Валентин, Туманова Лидия
 
Институт генетики, физиологии и защиты растений
 
Disponibil în IBN: 25 decembrie 2020


Rezumat

Микотоксины являются продуктами вторичного метаболизма плесневых грибов. Одним из возможных источников заражения растений плесневыми грибами-продуцентами микотоксинов является почва. В данной работе мы провели молекулярный анализ различных почв, с целью выявления влияния выращиваемой культуры на зараженность почв грибами – потенциальными продуцентами микотоксинов.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi. These naturally occurring compounds can be present in food and cause various diseases in humans and animals. The content of a number of mycotoxins in food is regulated by legislation of most countries. One of the possible sources of mycotoxigenic fungi in food is the soil used for growing agricultural crops. In this work, we analyzed the soil sampled from the fields where different cultures (soybeans, maize, winter wheat) were cultivated and harvested for the presence of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi. For detection of mycotoxigenic fungi, we used real-time PCR and conventional PCR with primers specific to the regions of genes, involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis. Generally, the genes which mRNA level was shown to correlate with the level of the corresponding mycotoxin in the literature were used for primer design. Using these primers, we could detect a DNA fragment of FUM1 gene of some Fusarium pathogens (Fusarium proliferatum, verticillioides, fujikuroi, oxysporum), a DNA fragment of aflR gene of some Aspergillus pathogens (Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus, oryzae, minisclerotigenes, sojae), DNA fragment of TRI8 gene of Fusarium graminearum, a DNA fragment of fum6 gene of Fusarium verticillioides, and an aflP gene fragment of Aspergillus flavus in the soil sampled from soybean field. In the soil sample from winter wheat field all the above fragments as well as aflP gene fragment of Aspergillus parasiticus were detected. In the soil sampled from the field after maize cultivation, FUM1 gene fragments (Fusarium proliferatum, verticillioides, fujikuroi, oxysporum), aflR gene fragments (Aspergillus parasiticus, flavus, oryzae, minisclerotigenes, sojae) and aflP gene fragments (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus), but neither TRI8 nor FUM6 gene fragments were detected. Thus, the pattern of mycotoxigenic fungi detected is different for each soil. This may indicate that the cultivated crops influence the distribution of phytopathogens in soil. Real-time PCR results show the prevalence of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium graminearum in the analyzed soils. Real-time PCR results also show the differences in the pattern of the detected pathogens. So, the strategy of detection of mycotoxin producers using primers based on the genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis appears to be promising. It can increase the specificity of detection of potential mycotoxin producers. Such approach allows for detection of a group of pathogens capable of producing a specific mycotoxin without identification of a specific pathogen.