Статья посвящена изучению эффективности предпосевной обработки семян озимой пшеницы препаратом Shell 120FS (тебуконазол). Использование метода nested-ПЦР и видоспецифичных праймеров к грибкам родов Fusarium и Myrothecium выявило эффективное снижение степени инфицирования семян озимой пшеницы данными патогенами после обработки тебуконазолом.

This paper analyzes the efficiency and utility of presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with the fungicide Shell120FS (tebuconazole at a concentration of 2.5%). The seeds of 6 varieties of winter wheat with different resistance to fungal diseases harvested in 2018 were divided into 2 groups: control (no treatment) and experiment (treated with Shell 120FS). Total DNA was isolated from 3 g of seeds of each variety according to the method recommended by ISO (21571:2005), and was used for subsequent PCR analysis. Primer pairs for identification of 5 Fusarium species and 2 Myrothecium species were developed. Using modern highly-specific methods of molecular biology (nested PCR) and highly specific primers we could detect the presence of Fusarium equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, Myrothecium roridum, M. verrucaria in two groups of samples: control (no fungicide treatment) and experiment (treated with Shell 120FS, 2.5%). The results of nested PCR analysis led us to the conclusion that the presowing treatment of all 6 varieties of winter wheat seeds with Shell 120FS resulted in an effective reduction of the contamination of seed material with the fungi F. equiseti, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides, F. verticillioides, Myrothecium roridum. The treatment was the most efficient in the case of Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium sporotrichioides (in the case of other species, the efficiency was 70%). It was established that resistance of the variety Kuialnik to fungal diseases does not protect it from infection with F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum, Myrothecium roridum. It is confirmed that untreated grain placed in the grain storage is contaminated with the fungi of Fusarium spp. and Myrothecium spp. and poses a threat both as a source of contamination of new seedlings, and as a potential source of mycotoxins(e.g. roridine, T-2 toxin, zearalenone,fumonisine etc.), especially in case of improper storage conditions. Thus, presowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with the fungicide 120FS contributed to healthier seedlings, improved yield and grain quality, reduced pathogenic load of the soil.