Natural risks have been and are for agriculture the negative factor, which needs to be taken into account in the development of the agricultural sector. Due to the fact that the Republic of Moldova is located in a climatic zone with insufficient humidity, it is periodically subject to the influence of particularly strong droughts. Droughts in recent years confirm the insufficient level of adaptation of agriculture in the Republic of Moldova to drought conditions, which more and more frequently and with increased intensity, especially in recent years, affect the agricultural sector. This article provides a brief analysis of the general synoptic mechanism of drought genesis in the Republic of Moldova, types of drought, economic impact, probability of occurrence, drought register for the period of X-XXI centuries. The authors emphasize from the beginning the great variety of dangers that appeared in this territory, giving us concrete data and examples. Also in this paper is described the fact that out of all the dangers appeared on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, as well as all over the world, drought prevails, caused by climate change. The completion of the drought register by 2020 indicates a general trend of increasing the frequency of their production, due to the anthropogenic impact on the environment and regional and global climate change. Through this work, the author makes a modest contribution to the study of natural hazards in the Republic of Moldova, with a great destructive potential and which can cause extremely great damage to the economy and the national environment. From this perspective, it is necessary for agricultural entities to analyze the probability of damage and their assessment, because the specifics of their field of activity, are environments in which the risk of drought can manifest itself, mainly. Thus, it becomes necessary to develop urgent as well as long-term measures to reduce the risk of drought.