Global warming around is having major impacts to human welfare and ecosystems services. For the Mediterranean region, an increase in average annual temperature and a decrease in average annual rainfall has been forecast. In addition, precipitation events are expected to be more intense and shorter in duration. This should increase the pressure on the limited water resources of this region. This should also exacerbate the pressures and impacts on semi-aquatic ecosystems such as riparian areas. Riparian areas, are transitional zones that connect aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem (ecotones). They offer great values to humans because of the many ecosystem services due to their unique and different characteristics. At the same time, they are also susceptible to anthropogenic pressures. This study investigated and identified potential climate change impacts on riparian areas and best adaptation practices by reviewing the existing literature. Emphasis was given to the Mediterranean region. The specific analysis recorded that changes in the hydrologic regimes of the streams and rivers will impact riparian areas functionality. In addition, the increased flood magnitude and frequencies also need to be considered. The above are expected to disrupt the ecological succession of riparian ecosystems. Worst case scenarios predict their complete disappearance or their shift to different types of vegetation and hydrologic conditions. The most frequently proposed adaptation measure included the use of the innovative technologies to better predict stream flows, soil moistures, aquifer water levels and in general the water budget. The enhanced awareness of society and responsible authorities on climate change impacts and best mitigation measures for riparian areas in also essential. Finally, the key is sustainable water management though the implementation of integrated water resources management, ecosystem-based and eco-hydrological approaches and nature-based solutions.