Although pharmaceuticals have been recognized as a potentially hazardous group of substances with respect to the environment, few monitoring studies have been performed targeting only certain classes of pharmaceuticals. Among this, nine samples from important rivers of Romania among which Danube, Siret, Prut, Prahova, Jijia river were investigated for pharmaceutical and antifungal residues in 2012. In a post target approach analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was successfully applied for screening of 43 pharmaceuticals and fungicides in water. The study confirmed the presence of pharmaceuticals such as: diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, trimethoprim. Regarding the group of antibiotics, erythromycin was detected in three samples at a concentration of up to 15 ng L-1. The antifungal compounds detected in the water samples were: fluconazole, thiabendazole, tebuconazole, enylconazole and carbendazim. It is also worth mentioning the concentration of diclofenac in drinking water of 50 ng L-1, a concentration that exceeds the maximum allowable level for medicinal products for human use provided by EMEA/CHMP/SWP/ 4447/00(2006). Analysis of samples collected from Danube river basin in Romania in 2014, were analysed for 67 compounds, pharmaceuticals and antifungals using HRMS technique. Concentrations of carbamazepine ranging from 20 to 49 ng L-1 and diclofenac lower than 20 ng L-1 in the Danube and a maximum of 252 ng L-1 in the Argeș River were measured. Five samples were collected form the Danube Delta. The analysis releaved concentrations of sulfamethoxazole between 4 and 6.5 ng L-1 and carbamazepine ranging from 7.5 to 21 ng L-1 in all samples. Tylosine was detected in one sample, the antifungals enylconazole and flutriafol in two samples. A concentration of 57 ng L-1 for griseofulvin was measured in Lake Gorgova in the Danube Delta. In 2016 a monitoring study in the 8 fishing areas in Moldova region (eastern Romania). Diclofenac, sulfamethoxazol, trimetoprim, carbamazepine, cafeine, imazalil, thiabendazol were founded in concentrations ranging from 5 to 40 ng L-1. Given the increased interest for the micropollutants’ fate in the aquatic environment and the lack of the data, contaminants of emerging concern including pharmaceuticals have to be monitored in Romania in surface water through future projects and programs, as otherwise recommended the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU and the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, respectively.