In recent decades, anthropogenic factors of air pollution have begun to far exceed the natural ones, gaining a global character. Harmful emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere not only destroy living nature, adversely affect human health, but also they also have the potential to alter the properties of the atmosphere itself, which can lead to adverse ecological and climatic consequences. By default, pollution involves air pollution and thus any gas or substance that enters the atmosphere can create unwanted imbalances in the medium and long term. Therefore, the thinning of the ozone layer in the atmosphere (which protects us from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation) caused by air pollution is a major threat to the existence of ecosystems on the planet and is the ultimate challenge that humanity must overcome despite political differences on the international stage. In this paper we will discuss the impact of air pollution on the health of the population and the environment and, at the same time, we will consider the sources of air pollution and its effects and we will discuss the main measures to prevent and reduce air pollution.