Human papilloma virus is the main cause of cervical cancer around the world. In Romania in each year approximately 3500 women are infected and about 2000 dies because of this illness. In November 2008 the Romanian Health Ministry has started the national health program organizing the anti-HPV vaccination of girls aged 12-14. There were bought 110000 doses of vaccine with 23 milion Euro, but the data of the fi rst quarter in 2009 show that only 2,57% of target population was vaccinated, probably due the poor information. In November 2009 the second vaccination campaign was started. In three months 11731 girls were vaccinated, about 10%. In the same time the target population was widened to girls aged 12-24. In our study we tried to answer why the participation was so low and we analyzed the information level of mothers about cervical cancer, the effi ciency and the secondary effects of anti-HPV vaccine. The majority of mothers of 12-14 aged girls from some schools from Târgu-Mureş have insuffi cient knowledge about the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, and more than two-third of them have irrational fear because of secondary effects and are distrustful regarding the effi ciency of vaccination.