One of the main current geodemographic processes that deeply af ects the population of the Republic of Moldova is related to migration and the formation of communities in the diaspora. However, the historical-geographical aspects must be taken into account in order that a part of the historical territories of Bessarabia and Transnistria remained outside the borders of the current state of the Republic of Moldova, but include still a population deeply related to Moldova. In addition, although in the 19 century have prevailed immigration and the formation of new communities in the territories of Bessarabia and Transnistria, there was also emigration and the formation of compact Moldovan communities in other regions of the Russian Empire. The Soviet period led to the geographical diversification of the diaspora within the USSR, but the most extensive processes take place in the contemporary period, after independence, through the formation of new diaspora in the most European countries and in other countries of the world. The dynamics and distribution of these communities is constantly changing, requiring a detailed and constantly updated study, which is of great interest to the scientific community and to our society as a whole.