Currently, favorable preconditions for economic development are being created in the Republic of Moldova. However, there are factors hindering the increase in business activity of enterprises. One of them is lack of funds and lack of proper equipment. In this regard, a properly formed depreciation policy in the field of fixed assets will allow an organization to skillfully regulate its current financial condition and increase its investment activity. The importance and significance of the issue under consideration is due to the need to solve theoretical and methodological problems associated with the formation of a more effective depreciation policy. Modern practice shows that the depreciation policy of an enterprise is characterized by the presence of liberalization tendencies. So, in accordance with the legislation, enterprises are allowed to independently determine the useful life of the main; choose a method for calculating depreciation for homogeneous objects of depreciable property; apply special accelerated or reduced depreciation rates in cases provided for by law, and there is also the possibility of suspending depreciation, for example, during the reconstruction and modernization of fixed assets. Depreciation is a multifaceted complex concept that affects many aspects of the activities of business structures. In most developed countries, depreciation policy is one of the most important tools for stimulating investment in the renewal of fixed assets, in high-tech technologies, in research and development work, in connection with which it becomes especially relevant to consider in more detail the ways of implementing the company's depreciation policy. The methodological basis of the study was the works of famous scientists from the beginning of the XIII century to the present. Changing the conditions of capital reproduction in modern conditions requires adjusting the depreciation policy in close connection with the modernization of the entire system of production regulators. Thus, this article examines the historical aspects of the development of depreciation. A retrospective of the concept and methods of depreciation is presented, various points of view on the methods of depreciation are considered, the essence of the depreciation policy is considered, its influence on the results of the enterprise is determined. In this regard, the study of the economic essence of the concept of depreciation, a historical review of the emergence and development of this concept, consideration of various points of view of researchers on the issue of depreciation deductions and the formation of an amortization mechanism adequate to market conditions, becomes very relevant.