Emmanuel de Martonne et les frontières de la Grande Roumanie. Diplomatie et politique
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Istoria României. Republica România (133)
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NICOARĂ, Toader. Emmanuel de Martonne et les frontières de la Grande Roumanie. Diplomatie et politique. In: Revista de Istorie a Moldovei, 2020, nr. 1-2(121-122), pp. 64-79. ISSN 1857-2022.
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Revista de Istorie a Moldovei
Numărul 1-2(121-122) / 2020 / ISSN 1857-2022

Emmanuel de Martonne et les frontières de la Grande Roumanie. Diplomatie et politique

Emmanuel de Martonne and the borders of the Greater Romania. Diplomacy and politics

CZU: 94(498)

Pag. 64-79

Nicoară Toader
 
l’Université “Babeş Bolyai” de Cluj
 
Disponibil în IBN: 5 noiembrie 2020


Rezumat

Emmanuel de Martonne (1873-1955) was a remarkable professor and scientist, an honorable representative of the French Geographical School. Follower of Paul Vidal de la Blanche, he was noted as scholarly specialist of the Carpathians – Danube geography. In 1900 he published in La Grande Enciclopédie (The Great Encyclopedia) a large article about Romania, after then he wrote two PHD theses about the Romanian geographical places: in 1902, Wallachia, a geographical monograph, and then in 1911, a study about Wallachia geographical population distribution. De Martonne was the founder of the Association of French Geographers and the International Geographical Union. Emmanuel de Martonne was involved in founding The Geographical Cluj Institute and in setting up the Romanian School of Geomorphology. He was invited by Cluj University to give courses and conferences, to participate at the Cluj University scientiphic activities. For his research of the Romanian geographical studies he was honored with various awards, then he became correspondent member of the Romanian Academy (since 1912) and foreign member of honor of the Romanian Academy (since 1919). Emmanuel de Martonne had also the privilege to be appreciated and to set up a friendship relation with two Romanian geographers such as George Vâlsan and Vasile Meruţiu. Martonne was also a disciple for Robert Ficheux who studied the Romanian geography. All his works are highly documented trough land researches and mapping analyses. During the first War World (1914-1918) and then after he was appointed with other colleagues as a geographer as an expert in geography and mapping, servicing at the Peace Treaty (1919-1920). In 1918, Martonne had been appointed expert of the Study Committee, committee that worked under the supervision of the Peace Treaty Conference held in Paris. He held the position of General Secretary of the Study Committee. Martonne’s intervention at the Joint Territorial Commission held in Paris in 1919 was perseverance and decisive in establishing the Romanian – Serbian borderlines, Romanian – Hungarian borderlines, Romanian – Bulgarian borderlines and Romanian – Russian borderlines. His professional reports about Dobruja, Transylvania, Banat, and Bessarabia were based on rigorous geographical arguments. Despite other contradictory opinions Martonne had proposed – as he could – favorable borderlines for Romania. That’s why he can be named the father figure of the Greater Romania.

Cuvinte-cheie
Emmanuel de Martonne, Romanian geography, Romanian borderlines, the First World War, The Studies Committee, Peace Conference