Цель данной работы дать наиболее полную характеристику макро- и
микрокомпонентного состава грунтовых вод Молдовы на настоящий момент. В работе
дается полная геохимическая характеристика грунтовых вод в зависимости от различных
природных и искусственных факторов, а также указываются методы, используемые в
процессе исследований. Отдельное рассмотрение макро- и микрокомпонентного состава
обусловлено различными условиями их формирования, а также методиками изучения
последних.
In the present publication detailed characteristics of major and minor inorganic chemical
elements distribution in unconfined ground water is done. Major and minor elements are analyzed
in part because of their different condition of accumulation and methodology of study.
Hydrogeochemical investigations were based on case – study territories located in the
basins of rivers Ciugur, Ialpug, Reut, Botna, Prut and Nistru. For spatial correlation additional
points were added outside of these territories.
AAS, flame photometry and photo colorimetric methods were used for chemical
determination of major and minor elements. Helium was detected by the unit INGEM-1 which is
based on helium diffusion via silicon membrane and registration in the magneto-resonance
module. Final chemical data were assessed using updated concepts of the modern
hydrogeochemistry.
The basic conclusions consist from (a) the major compounds in the unconfined horizon are
controlled by terrestrial relief, (b) chemical composition of the unsaturated (aeration) zone
influence hardly on the water chemical composition, (c) ascendant water penetration in the freatic
horizon is also considered. Helium is an informative natural tracer for this phenomenon,
(d) relationship between water quality and climatic conditions is multifactor, (e) water chemical
composition is very changeable and at present is difficult to distinguish one main factor; such
process is complex, (f) territorial distribution of chemical elements in water is irregular in the
most cases; for instance Selenium is found everywhere, (g) existing data for minor chemical
elements are not enough complete and that is way their territorial distribution is probable and
(h) high minor elements concentration in the unconfined horizon is the indicator of sure pollution.
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