The modern and unitary Romanian national state was formed between 1848 and 1918, from three major historical provinces called Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, all with a majority Romanian ethnicity. The medieval unity of the Romanians, based on language, origin, faith, name, culture, common traditions, revealed the necessity of the emergence of the unitary state, a fact that has happened to almost all the European nations. Only one of the three big Romanian states – Moldavia, is still divided today, in the sense that half of it is an integral part of Romania, almost half is a distinct state, and other regions are part of Ukraine or have autonomous tendencies, due to the inheritance of the Soviet era. The article corrects certain clichés and inaccuracies in relation to the history of Moldavia and shows that this voivodeship (principality), often called "The Little Romanian Principality", "The Romanian Principality Near Russia" or even "The Romanian Principality of Moldavia", has been aware for a long time of her Romanianness, that the Moldovan intellectuals were the fiercest defenders of the ethnic name of Romanian for the whole homonymous people, that the spiritual elite of Moldova is the creator - to a large extent - of the modern Romanian culture and the promoter of the process of synchronizing the Romanian civilization with the Western model of life.