The article examines various aspects of demographic policy, its impact is on the level of food supply for the population. In the course of the evolution of historical development, humanity has passed various stages of attitude to demographic development, depending on the food supply, namely, from the idea of population reduction, creation of an optimal proportion between the amount of land, food and population, to the idea of population increase because “anyway food will be found.” It is concluded that in today’s world population growth, with decrease of arable land, non-standard measures are required in order to improve the level of food supply for the population, namely, these measures are as the following the concept of a green economy, biotechnology that is based on genetic engineering techniques, “gene drives”, introduction of “bio-farming, replacement of natural animal products with plant analogues, as well as the introduction of innovations and scientific and technological progress, breeding of new high-yielding sorts, and increase of farming culture.