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SM ISO690:2012 TABUNCIC, Sergiu, VORNIC, Vlad, CIOBANU, Ion. Cahul – mărturii istorice și arheologice. In: Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova, 2019, nr. 4, pp. 259-284. ISSN 2345-1394. |
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Arheologia Preventivă în Republica Moldova | |||||
Numărul 4 / 2019 / ISSN 2345-1394 | |||||
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CZU: 902/904(478) | |||||
Pag. 259-284 | |||||
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Rezumat | |||||
The city of Cahul, one of the most important urban settlements in the south-western area of the Republic of Moldova, is located on the Frumoasa river, a tributary of the Prut river to the south of the Roșu village. The territorial matrix of the oldest medieval settlement of the present Cahul city was at the mouth of Frumoasa, here being located, according to a charter from the Stephen the Great from 1502, the village of Șcheia. The same charter mentions that the owners of this village from 1502 had an act of ownership inherited from their parents and grandparents, from the time of Alexander the Good, Prince of Moldavia between 1400-1432. This documentary reality allows us to affirm that the chronological history of the Șcheia village starts from the 15th century or, perhaps, the late 14th, even though the oldest written attestation of the locality dates from the early 16th century. A very important indication for the identification and location of the Șcheia village was the record of its placement at the Frumoasa estuary. In connection with the historical geography of the rivulet, the researchers noted an anthropic intervention produced in the years after the World War II, that resulted in the extension of the course of this water, which almost doubled to its original length. During the 17-19th centuries, at the mouth of Frumoasa, the village of Frumoasa is mentioned, which obviously took over the name of the rivulet from here. After the annexation of the east side of Moldova to the Russian Empire in 1812, the town retains its status as a rural settlement until 1835, when by a Decree of the Emperor Nicholas I it was ordered to transform the village of Frumoasa into a city and also into a county center with the name Cahul. This new denomination of the locality was made for an eminently ideological reason, related to the celebration of 65 years of the victory of the Russian army over the Turkish one in the battle on the Cahul river, in July 1770. Some building progress in Cahul was registered in the years of Tsarist rule, then when south-western counties of Basarabia were components of the Principality of Moldova and the United Principalities of Romania (18561878), as well as in the next stage, when they were re-annexed to the Russian Empire. In the locality from the mouth of Frumoasa, throughout the urban phase of its history, various building constructions have been executed, including underground rooms for storing alcoholic beverages (especially wine, but also wine and beer) and food. On the occasion of the „Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu” Musical Theater construction, the first investigations in the Cahul city core were carried out in the spring of 2016, as five trenches of various dimensions, with a total area of about 90 sq. m were excavated. As a result of the rescue excavations, a dwelling, three underground caves and a few pits of various function were completely or partially dismantled. The dwelling was rectangular with dimensions of 4,5×5,1 m and depth of about 3,5 m from the modern level, with the long sides being oriented in the direction E-W. The building walls were made of sun-dried clay bricks and were supported in the inside by wooden pillars, also inside was found a fire-place with circular hearth with a diameter of about 0,5 m. The inventory of the dwelling consisted of numerous pieces of ceramic, faience or glass pots and other materials, which allow enclosing the complex in the second half of the 19th century. The south-eastern part of the dwelling was intersected by a gallery (no. 1), which was better preserved and could be fully researched. Three objects are underground caves dug at a depth of about 5 m and lined with burnt bricks. The 1st cave had a total length of about 22 m, the width at the base in the interior was of 1,4-1,7 m and the height of 1,7-2,1 m. The gallery no.1 contained an entire glass vessel, fragments of other containers of glass, clay and faience, as well as several other pieces, dated back to the late 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. The length of the other two galleries, of which one (no. 2) is N-S, and another W-E oriented, could not be specified, as the domes partially collapsed or continued beneath the foundation pit of the theater building. It is important to emphasize that the gallery no. 2 is located to the west of the theater edifice under construction, being able to be preserved, fully researched, restored and valued in the near future. |
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Cuvinte-cheie așezare rurală, prima atestare documentară, Șcheia, Frumoasa, Alexandru cel Bun, Ştefan cel Mare, orașul Cahul, galerii subterane din cărămizi, ceramică, epoca modernă, rural settlement, the first documentary attestation, Șcheia, Frumoasa, Alexander the Good, Cahul city, underground galleries of bricks, ceramics, modern period, сельское поселение, первое документальное упоминание, Шкея, Фрумоаса, Александр Добрый, Стефан Великий, город Кахул, кирпичные подземные галереи, керамика, новое время |
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