The health state of a population depends not only on their genetic heritage but also on other determining factors playing a very important role: the behavior and attitude towards health, the nature of the social environment where each person lives as well as the health care services. Although the oral disorders are widely spread among the population, currently there are no complete data in terms of their prevalence and incidence in Romanian and the Republic of Moldova. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, in the countries of this region of Europe the prevalence of oral disorders is increasing as compared to other countries where a downfall was registered. Moreover, if it is corroborated with the low efficiency of the health services, including the oral health services, we may have a real image of the morbidity by oral disorders in the population living in Romania - Republic of Moldova cross-border area. The conclusions of this study demonstrate that is a need an efficient reform of the health insurance system to reduce inequities through an efficient management that might take into account both the available financial resources and the opportunities resulting from the common policies.