In this article the main factors, which have great influence on the dynamics of cognitive and motor functions in patients with cerebellum lesions are considered. The motor and cognitive functions evolution in these patients depends on: I – the affected structures and the size of cerebellum damaged; II – character of pathological process (atrophy, tumors, infarct); III – functional state of another structures of encephalon, especially of neocortex; IV – the age of the patient and cerebral compensatory reserves; V – duration of pharmacotherapy, radio- and chemotherapy. Data concerning the role of social brain (limbic system, frontal cortex of brain etc.), social intellect (psychoemotional spheres and motivation) and metacognitive capacities (autoanalyze, autocontrol etc.) in the recovery of the affected functions in patients with cerebellum lesions are presented.