Aspects of research of pest insurance associations in potato culture in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova
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IURCU-STRĂISTARU, Elena, BUŞMACHIU, Galina, BIVOL, Alexei, MIHAILOV, Irina, CHIRIAC, Ion, ANDONI, Cristina. Aspects of research of pest insurance associations in potato culture in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. In: Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community, Ed. 1, 21-22 octombrie 2019, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Tipogr. "Biotehdesign", 2019, pp. 145-146.
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Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community 2019
Conferința "Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community"
1, Chişinău, Moldova, 21-22 octombrie 2019

Aspects of research of pest insurance associations in potato culture in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova


Pag. 145-146

Iurcu-Străistaru Elena, Buşmachiu Galina, Bivol Alexei, Mihailov Irina, Chiriac Ion, Andoni Cristina
 
Institute of Zoology
 
Disponibil în IBN: 12 decembrie 2019


Rezumat

Potato growth is one of the technical crops of agri-food and with industrial importance for the Republic of Moldova, whose value can increase faster if are stimulated significant activities related to the cultivation and the obtaining of good-quality tubers . An essential objective in the recovery of this crop plant is the influence of the stress biogenic environmental factors, especially the spectrum of harmful organisms, as phytoparasitic agents. The entomo-phytoparasitic sensitivity of impact at potatoes during the vegetation period is provoked yearly by more than 25 species of insects, with adaptation and specialization ecologo-trophic polyphagous and oligophagous. Some of them trigger specific entomoparasitic invasions that cause a great damage on these crop plants. Thus fact motivates as purpose and objectives the accomplishment of the entomological phytosanitary inspection. Regularly it was done the entomological evidence starting from the planting perioud until the tubers were reaped, with the sampling of soil and symptomatically plants invaded by harmful insects, comparative on different sectors in the North, Center and South-East areas the country. It was established the degree of affection provoked by the phytoparasitic insects in the field, with the help of the magnifying glass (optical degree, 100 MM). For the finding of the extensification criteria, level of attack it were used the photosanitary indices using the formulas for calculating the frequency values (F,%); the intensity (I,%), which reflects the degree of attack extension (GA,%), related to m2, with the analysis of 10 plants / sample, using the 5-ball gradient.The disease guard caused by phytoparasitic insects in the field was established with the help of the magnifying glass (optical degree, 100 MM), and to determine the extensibility criteria, level of attack were used photosynthetic indices using the formulas for calculating frequency values (F,%) ; intensity (I,%), which reflects the degree of attack extension(GA,%), reported to m2, with the analysis of 10 probation plants, using the 5-ball gradient. Subsequently, the collected insects, soil samples and collected plants were subjected to laboratory analyzes with the help of the binocular microscope, and the chronological estimation of the field and laboratory records research works were confirmed with the Canon EOS 1000 D camera.  As a result of the entomofitosanitary investigations carried out on potatoes, it was established that the invasive fauna is represented by 22 species of 4 orders. More significant the phytoparasitic species by estimating the values of numerical density were the species of polyphagous insects detected early in the soil, with the planting: coropâşniţa - Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa Linnaeus, 1758, fam. Grillotalpidae, ord. Orthoptera, spiny larvae of roach beetles - A. lineatus, L., A. ustulatus, L., A. obscurus L., fam. Elateridae, ord. Coleoptera owl species - Agrotis segetum Schiff., Autographa gamma L., Silver Y., Agriotis exclamationis L., Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, Xestia c-nigrum L., Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, fam. Noctuidae, ord. Lepidoptera, May beetles - Melolontha melolontha, L., fam. Scarabaeidae, ord. Coleoptera. Later (May-July), the Colorado beetle - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Hitchner et al., Fam. Cherysomelidae, and the 28-points ladybug of the potato plant - Epilachna vigintioctomaculata, Motsch., Fam, Coccinellidae from the order. Coleoptera. The following harmful species have been widely reported: Aphis fabae Scopaly, Aphis frangulae Kaltenbach, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, Brachycardus hel Macrosiphum euphorbiae Tomas, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Phorodon humuli Schrank, Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus. The results of the entomological phytosanitary researches realized at the early potato growth in differnt areas of the Republic of Moldova, means the application and the contribution in elucidating the parasitical impact for the predicting and argumentation of the integrated protection measures on the open ground. The investigations were realized within the main intstitutional project with the cipher 15.817.02.12F and the STCU-6233 project within the Program of the strategic direction and Common Initiative of Research and Developmen , with the cipher 17.80013.5107.12 / 6233, for the year 2019.