Helmintological phytosanitary control in tomato culture (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in green houses
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2023-04-14 10:16
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IURCU-STRĂISTARU, Elena, BIVOL, Alexei, RUSU, Ştefan, SASANELLI, Nicola, ANDONI, Cristina. Helmintological phytosanitary control in tomato culture (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in green houses. In: Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community, Ed. 1, 21-22 octombrie 2019, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Tipogr. "Biotehdesign", 2019, pp. 143-144.
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Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community 2019
Conferința "Life sciences in the dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business community"
1, Chişinău, Moldova, 21-22 octombrie 2019

Helmintological phytosanitary control in tomato culture (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in green houses


Pag. 143-144

Iurcu-Străistaru Elena1, Bivol Alexei1, Rusu Ştefan1, Sasanelli Nicola2, Andoni Cristina1
 
1 Institute of Zoology,
2 Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 12 decembrie 2019


Rezumat

One of the major importance in the process of increasing the productivity and quality of tomato fruits grown in protected areas, is the phytosanitary control on the parasitic helminthological fauna, on the main complexes of harmful phytonematodes in dynamics spread cultivation of the tomato crop cycles, in order to apply the necessary protection measures.  Green houses, solariums, nurseries and vegetable crops that are situated near the field are prone to the attack of various associations of harmful parasitic nematodes, that usually attack all seasonal cycle, in the dynamics of vegetation. The scope and the objectives proposed estimate the phytosanitary helmintological control achieved at the tomato growth from protected areas, in elucidating the helmintological phytoparasitic impact with the establishment of the invasive nematofauna, with the determination of the degree of affection, the structure, the frequency and the abundance of the associations, argumentation of ecological protection procedures. The investigations were carried out in 9 administrative districts of the North-Central areas, 22 localities, 30 tomato sectors from various areas specialized in the cultivation of vegetables in protected lands, where over 400 soil and affected soil samples were collected, for further analysis in the laboratory. Helminthological phytosanitary control was realized through periodic surveys, collecting soil samples at the depth of 5-35 cm and plants affected by various parasitic symptoms. The finding of visual disorders in phytohelmintotic aspect was visualized at root and plant level, with the use of 5 bales gradation on a varied assortment of hybrids from various production associations, peasant households, private sectors.
 Under the laboratory conditions, the extraction of parasitic phytonematodes from the soil was performed using the classical method with some "Baermann funnel" modifications. The extracted nematodes were listed for the purpose of establishing the numerical herd, with subsequent fixation in 4% hot formalin solution at 600C temperature. The fixed helminthological material was subjected to the microscopic analysis, by mounting temporary preparations with the determination of genres and species with the help of nematological determinants.  As a result of the phytosanitary researches and the laboratory analyzes, the epidemiological diagnosis and the phytohelmintological impact at the tomato growths were established, where the structure of the parasitic phytonematode complexes was established in a number of 32 species included in 8 families and 2 orders distributed according to the investigated areas and classified according to the specialization of the trophic spectrum in 5 groups, with the predominance of species in the sector of the Center area (32 species), compared to the North area (21 species), classified by trophic specialization. It was found the values of variable densities of 280-870 individuals / 100cm3 / soil, with the degree of phytohelmintotic infestation in plants more evident in the period of planting the seedlings in protected land and fruit formation, in values with variations from 8 to 45%, caused mainly by invasive associations, with specific phytoparasitic effects of the genres: Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Ditylenchus, Bitylenchus, Tylencorhynchus. The associations with ecto-semi-endo parasitic trophic specialization predominate in relation to 30-40% compared to the free forms, and from the more abundant harmful species, the species: Meloidogyne incognita, M. halpa were observed more frequently with the onset of specific phytohelmintoses. sandstone, Tylenchus filiformis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, D. Destructor, Helicotylenchus digonicus, Pratylenchus pratensis, P. penetrans, Tylenchorynchus dubius, Nothotylenchus acris. The results of the phytosanitary monitoring realized, signify the application and the contribution in elucidating the degree of nematological damage for the forecasting and argumentation of the protection measures predestined to the vegetable agrocenoses of tomatoes in protected areas. The investigations were realized within the main intstitutional project with the cipher 15.817.02.12F and the STCU-6233 project within the Program of the strategic direction and Common Initiative of Research and Developmen , with the cipher 17.80013.5107.12 / 6233, for the year 2019.