In order to make proper decisions in the design of viable, sustainable development strategies for a certain area, decision-making factors should know the main demographics and factors determining population movements because the only human resource and their training level are the main factors of economic, administrative and socio-cultural development of local areas and communities, as well as a consumption factors. The authors have studied the evolution of Romania’s population starting from the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics: between 2007 and 2017, total resident population of Romania diminished with 2,613,493 people. In this context, it is important to know the causes of population decrease to be able to take viable measures and stop this negative phenomenon that has immediate effects on local communities and that will have major negative effects at national level.