Progressive environmental pollution has made environmental safety an important component of national security as a whole. Today, almost the entire planet and especially areas with high population are exposed to serious environmental threats, the main of which are radiation contamination of territories, soil suppression by acid rain, soil contamination with chemicals and pesticides, oil spills on land and sea, and the destruction of the atmosphere. Due to their physico-chemical properties, active carbons (AC) are unique and ideal sorption materials that allow solving a wide range of issues related to ensuring chemical and biological safety of humans, the environment and infrastructure [1]. A particularly significant threat to the biosphere is the reduction of soil fertility and even a complete depletion of farmland as a result of human activities. Today, only 6% of the total land area is suitable for agriculture. Given that at the end of the XXI century the population will reach 10 billion, according to some estimations, the protection and rehabilitation of soils should be of prime focus. The essence of the carbon-sorption detoxification of soil contaminated with pesticides is the introduction of AC into the soil, in the form of grains or powder with a micropore volume of 0.20–0.30 cm3/g and subsequent incorporation into a depth of 10–15 cm, followed by sowing of a given crop. This technology allows to obtain environmentally friendly crop production and increase crop yield on polluted soils by 20-80%. In order to supply cities and large populated areas with quality potable water, surface water supply sources need to be treated, and here active coal is required, as well. Currently, JSC TopProm has fully completed the development of a technology for producing a unique AC based on anthracite. Anthracite from the Gorlovskoye field of Kuzbass was taken as the raw material. After crushing the pieces of anthracite, the desired fraction of 1–3 mm was sieved, and further subjected to activation with water vapour at a temperature of 870°C to a burnout value of 15%. The results of the research have shown that the adsorption properties of DAS per unit volume are at the level of the best world analogue GSN 830, derived from coconut shell. The role of active carbons in ensuring the safety of man as the main object of the biosphere is also worth mentioning. An effective way to efficiently neutralize the negative impact of a number of environmental factors on a human being is to develop AC for body detoxification, providing conditions for the internal ecological purity, characteristic of a healthy individual endoecology. Early organization of new AC productions will give a powerful impetus to environmental protection and the creation of a higher life quality for people.