The research from surface waters allowed the assessment of the distribution of ammonium ions, nitrates and phosphates in different water bodies (Răut River and its tributaries r. Copăceanca, r. Cubolta, r. Căinari, r. Cogâlnic, r. Ciuluc, r. Vatici, r.Cula, ponds, wells, springs), the role of human agglomerations in the pollution of water bodies with nutrients, from punctual sources. The amount of organic substance, nutrients from diffuse sources in the Răut Hydrographic Basin was evaluated. It was found that out of total nitrogen, 66% is produced by livestock, 29% is formed in human agglomerations, and 5% is nitrogen from household waste. Phosphorus is produced by livestock -46%, by agglomerations of - 49% and by 5% of household waste. The spatial distribution of nutrients on small river basins is relatively uniform. The major risk for water bodies in the BHR not to achieve a „good environmental status”, under the Water Framework Directive, is current land use, in particular the weight and management of agricultural land.