The purpose of this paper was to make an assessment of the Years of Potential Life Lost due to premature digestive system mortality in Ukraine, with the conversion of the lost years into material equivalent. Based on the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, data on the distribution of deaths by gender, age and causes of death and using macroeconomic indicators the author employed the method of potential demography to calculate the absolute number of Years of Potential Life Lost due to the premature death of this particular cause. The study shows that the scope of the Years of Potential Life Lost due to premature mortality from diseases of the digestive system came to 288,852 thousand person-years in 2013. A significant disproportion of the loss breakdown revealed depending on gender: the total number of male years of potential life lost is more than twice as high as that of women. Calculated in monetary terms, the amount of GDP lost due to premature mortality in Ukraine amounted more than $ 1,16 billion.