In this article, the authors address the essence and specificity of the legal nature of mediation as well as the process of its implementation in the settlement of civil disputes and those with extraneity elements, which have been little researched until now, as there are new regulations and new concepts. The authors offer an ample feature of the specialized literature on the legal nature of mediation and its application to the settlement of civil disputes and extraneity issues from Russia, Romania and the Republic of Moldova, based on which they reach a series of conclusions. The article mentions that at international level several attempts have been made to create a unified legal regime of mediation and its implementation in the settlement of civil disputes and those with extraneity elements. Thus, an important moment in the development of this idea is its recognition as a universal value, as a private international law institute.