1. Implementation along with the regionalization of the perinatal service and increase of the "in utero" transportation rate has increased the number of premature babies with birth weight <1500 g admitted to NICU. 2. Low birth weight is directly proportional to the high risk of death. 3. In increasing the survival of premature infants up to 51% an obviously impact has antenatal administration of the corticosteroid treatment for prophylaxis of RDS, implementation of the Protocol of resuscitation and care after resuscitation for extremely premature babies (with gestation period 22-26gw), through the prevention of anaemia, hypotension, hypothermia, as well as by installing a adequale diuresis in the fi rst 24 hours of life. 4. HMD incidence decreases with antenatal administration of steroid treatment. Duration of oxygen therapy is lower in children whose mothers received full cure with dexamethasone. The need for surfactant and respiratory support with APV is higher in children whose mothers did not receive prenatal steroids cure. 5. Use of early NCPAP (patent ductus arteriosus) significantly reduces the necessity of surfactant and the costs of ventilation therapy for premature infants. 6. Administration of surfactant is an important predictive factor in lowering the death rate. APV associated with NCPAP significantly lowers the risk of death.