The author gives a brief and synthetic presentation of the beginnings and evolution of the Bessarabia issue, starting in 1812, the year when the feudal state of Moldova was occupied by Tsarist Russia, and going through 1991, the year when Bessarabia detached itself from the Soviet empire, till 2012. As results from the title, the study aims to present an analysis of confrontation between Moldovianism ideology and Romanianism, with direct consequences for political developments in the Republic of Moldova after its Declaration of Independence, as well as bilateral relations between this and Romania. The study is divided into three chapters: Moldovianism origin, political institutionalization and transformation of Moldovianism into a state ideology. The first chapter deals with the issue of Moldovianism appearance or fundamentalism Moldovian as it is called, laboratories where it was created and the purpose for which its theses were drawn to by its founders. The second chapter is devoted to stages of political institutionalization of Moldovianism, forms of its manifestation, ways and methods of action, based on so-called Moldovian statehood through to ultra-nationalism Moldovian revisionist. The third chapter is dedicated to raising of Moldovianism to a state ideology during the communist regime.