The object of this communication is to get acquainted with the peculiarities of calligraphy handwritten herbarium of the XVIIIth century. This manuscript is currently preserved as a unique monument of ancient Foundation in the herbarium of the Odessa national University of Mechnikov. This Medical Herbarium includes plants in dried form represented by their French names that were used by the botanists of the eighteenth century. The text of the Medical Herbarium was written by the hand of one scribe in French in 1759. Because of the antiquity of the herbarium, this work, on the one hand, is of double interest for the history of botany and the history of medicine. On the other hand, for researchers of language, this manuscript has both linguistic and historical and cultural significant value, which is of extraordinary scientific importance. Analysis of lexicology and terminology unique to this text object (including phonetic, lexical, grammatical and stylistical elements) was not carried out but its implementation is necessary in order to better assess changes in the evolution of the French language. This article shows the analysis of the characteristics of the calligraphy of Herbarium and the identification of this scientific work. This is the first step to its study from the point of view of Philology.