The archetype images regarding the ancient myths represent the efficient tools of comprehension and interpretation of the relevant literary texts. The basic object of study of the hermeneutics of ancient myth in literary texts consists in the dialogue between centuries, different cultures and mentalities. The ancient myth was always a major topic of discussion and investigation of the Italian researchers. This fact is determined by the presence of the mythical images in the Italian space: on the street pavement, on the fountains, on the columns of catholic churches, on the backgrounds of frescoes, etc. The visual abundance had conditioned the interest to explore the ancient myth by means of literature and art. Nowadays, the ancient myth has also invaded with its “tentacles” the audio-video medium, video clips and advertisements. The hermeneutist is the translator/mediator who explains the value of the myth conditioned by the time of writing. The concept of open work (Umberto Eco) reveals essentially the value of writing. The perception of the antiquity in the texts and images crosses the studies of Umberto Eco about beauty, ugliness, adventure. The theme of myth is specific to the Italian hermeneutists (Gianni Vattimo, Stefano Zecchi, Raffaella Bertazzoli), and we are going to structure their concepts regarding the axiological problem of the ancient myth’s interpretation.