Background: This study is dedicated to determination of the peculiarities of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system processes in the patients with prostate adenoma (PA), and the correlation between blood serum and fluid draining from lodge after adenomectomy with the aim of highlighting the risk factors of this pathology. Material and methods: There were studied 79 men aged 50-75 years, divided into two specific groups: group 1 – 49 men with PA treated surgically by transvezical method, modified by us and group 2 – 30 healthy men. Results: The results showed that in PA the processes of lipid oxidation with production of reactive oxygen species increased, confirmed by marked increasing of hydroperoxides of lipids, keto-diene conjugates and carbonyl compounds. There had been an impressive increase of the malondialdehyde level in both blood serum at pre- and postoperative stages and in the drained fluids from the lodge in patients of group 1. A deficiency of antioxidants was demonstrated by total antioxidant reduced activity and decreased functionality of the main antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase in pre- and post-operative periods, as well as in fluids from the drained lodge in group 2. Conclusions: It was found that oxygen species manifested an imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant protective system and they are an important pathogenic cause in self-maintenance and exacerbation of inflammatory response that can influence the pre- and postoperative evolution of PA, a predictive factor in developing treatment strategies, postoperative management.