This article covers some scientific elucidations in western specialized papers regarding the concept of neutrality, which was defined by certain characteristics that differentiate it and given within a certain specific geopolitical conjuncture. The term is approached from several perspectives: theoretical, historical, political and military. The research on the concept of neutrality, made by the representatives of western academic environment, is based mainly on historical, legal, systemic and geopolitical arguments. The scientific investigations on neutrality topic by some authors have been managed by applying certain theories of international relations to demonstrate some advantages or to criticize the options regarding to maintaining of this status. Moreover, the theoretical approach gives the positions in front of the empirical approach, because the dominant paradigm of realism confirms the relevance of interactions between great powers or achievement of geopolitical interests in certain favourable circumstances exclusively for major actors of the international political scene.