A new concept that once reached the agenda of major decisive factors in the international arena has been confirming itself in the specialized literature in recent years. The transformations that are underway in the international security medium, being permanent, accelerated and unforeseen, have made the military diplomacy pass from a vector of study to an active part of a state’s foreign policy. In this context, the promotion of a state, from all points of view, may be implemented basing on the concepts that have become working instruments, the military diplomacy being one of them. Thereby, this article supposes analysis of the military diplomacy, in general, and of the military diplomacy of the Republic of Moldova, in particular. Besides, the military diplomacy from a secondary role becomes the chief actor in the international arena. One has carried out the analysis both of the conceptual signification of the “military diplomacy” and of the military diplomacy legal framework as of an instrument of defense policy in the Republic of Moldova.