The article briefly shows that the Moldavian national state, to the beginnings of the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812, was not an integral part of the Ottoman Empire, as stated by many previous authors, but was developing as a distinct state with limited sovereignty, under the suzerainty (protection) of Turkish sultans. The author notes that the presentation of the Principality as a province of the Ottoman Empire was convenient because under this pretext sultans could motivate interferences in the internal affairs of Moldavia and of Russia, Austria and other expansionary countries, because the latest had the possibility to justify their intended territorial Rapture from the Moldavian Principality. Main attention is paid to the study of the legal characterization of the dissolution of the nation state of Moldavia in 1812 under military pressure of the Russian Empire. It shows that in 1812 Russian Tsarism has failed government bond protector of Moldavia, assumed by art. XVI (p.10) of the Peace Treaty of 1774 Kuciuk Kainarji and art. VII (p.6) of the Convention Ainalî-Kavak in 1779.