The paper focuses on the historiographical analysis of the topics defining researches, elaborated by scientists from Russia, defining the conceptual-theoretical landmarks of the research concerning the regional subsystems and centers of power in the Middle East, helping to substantiate the researches on Regional Studies. The authors elucidate the arrangements that are ongoing in the Muslim area appeared after the Cold war, determining the character and peculiarities of the international geopolitical conjuncture, regional and subregional factors, which impact on the formation or reconfiguration of the certain subsystems and centers of power, identifying the affinities, interests and their vulnerabilities on the light of the Russian experts’ researches. The paper presents a wide-ranging study that elucidated the dynamics of the subsystem reconfigurations of the Middle East: it is elucidated the resizing of the place and role of the countries from the mentioned area as a result of the transformation of the post-Cold war, identifying the determinant factors and their impact. It was elaborated, on horizontal plan, the segmentation of Muslim geopolitical space in the sub-regional systems and sub-regional centers of power as parts of a homogeneous unit, based on affiliation to religion and Islamic civilization.