The collapse of the Soviet Union, the biggest empire, who had direct access to the water spaces of three oceans - the Atlantic, Pacific and Northern Ocean, the state owned land routes and direct access to the European Union space, China and India, with enormous natural resources (in Russia are present all the elements of Mendeleyev’s tablet) it produced a geopolitical confusion on the international arena, contributing to form, “black holes” in the center of Eurasia. Disintegration of the USSR and the emergence of its territory in 15 new independent states generated for Russia an absolutely new geopolitical and geostrategic situation. Thus, Russia has found itself "pushed deep to Eurasia", which perceived something unacceptable for the country which for centuries played a major role in international politics, and the European one. Russia’s borders are restricted to the early 19 century in Caucasus, at the half of the century in Central Asia, and about 1600 to the west, immediately after the reign of Ivan the Terrible. However, claiming to be further qualified as a great power, Russia aspires to regain the status of a superpower. In order to achieve this, Russia has used various political, economic and military pressures, in its relations with the former Soviet republics and the results were significant. Thus, this article will analyze Russia's geostrategic interests in all the ex-Union states: the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the Caucasus(Armenia, Azerbaijan,Georgia) Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kirgizstan,Tadjikistan), including also, the Republic of Moldova.