The article analyzes the context of postmodernism affirmation in East-European literature, namely in Russian literature. The analysis extends naturally to other literatures from the same geopolitical zone: Ukrainian literature and Romanian („Moldovan”) literature during the Soviet period and the subsequent time. The phenomenon is perceived through the evolution of the concept of literary history. The author’s point of view is supported by the existence of several literary processes within a literature under a totalitarian political system.